Ohio General X-Ray Machine Operator (GXMO) Practice Exam

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• What does vertical mean?
• In digital radiography, which index is used to determine if the exposure to the image receptor was within the appropriate range?
• What is the effect of increasing SID on magnification and sharpness?
• What is the typical grid ratio range for a stationary grid?
• Which material serves as the filament in the X-ray tube as described in thermionic emission?
• What does the small filament do?
• Attenuation is?
• In Compton scattering, the incoming x-ray interacts with which electron?
• An 8:1 grid is typically used for which type of imaging?
• In photoelectric absorption, which statement best describes the interaction?
• What color is the polyester plastic film base tinted?
• What type of x-ray would the electron strike the target while ejecting the inner shell electron of target atom, an outer shell electron would then fill the vacancy with the release of x-ray photon
• Which statement defines the latent image?
• Which monitor is changed monthly?
• What is a proton?
• The effect of added filtration is to decrease
• Which term describes the overall blackness on a radiograph?
• What is the anode?
• What is the Compton effect?
• What is an ion?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as an artifact in the material?
• What is the invisible image contained in film prior to processing?
• What is the purpose of a lead foil layer in the back of a cassette?
• What is the SI unit of radiation dose equivalent?
• Which term refers to the process of an electron leaving its orbit around a neutral atom?
• Which unit is the SI unit for occupational dose reporting?
• Which traditional unit was used to denote patient dose historically?
• What is matter?
• What is increased when increasing the SID?
• Primary radiation refers to what?
• Which chemical bath in the processor is associated with acids?
• The term that represents the overall darkness of the radiographic image is?
• Which monitor is sensitive to 10 millirem?
• Under low humidity, static electricity can appear as which of the following on a radiograph?
• What is leukopenia?
• What type of cassette contains a phosphor plate and receives the x-ray beam?
• What agitates dark room chemicals and keeps them at proper temp?
• Which statement about increasing kVp is true?
• Which option is NOT a cardinal principle?
• What is a typical dark room safelight filter?
• After exposure, a latent image becomes visible after processing in which location?
• What are the three cardinal principles of radiation protection?
• Which component receives the energy of the x-ray beam and forms the image of the body part?
• What is the traditional unit used to denote patient dose?
• Pi Lines artifact is described as lines that appear at regular intervals due to a dirty roller.
• Remnant radiation is what remains of the primary beam after attenuation.
• mA and time together determine the total quantity of radiation produced, and this quantity is directly proportional to what?
• Quality of the x-ray beam is determined by which exposure parameter?
• Which statement correctly differentiates fluorescence and phosphorescence?
• Annual dose limit for an occupationally exposed radiation worker?
• Which imaging technique retrieves the image by scanning a phosphor plate with a laser light?
• What travels at 186,000 miles/second?
• What type of cassette containing film receives x-ray beam?
• Radiation scatter production is increased when:
• What would you double to get 1/4 radiographic intensity?
• Too much development can cause processor fog. What does processor fog look like on film?
• Which imaging parameter primarily controls image contrast?
• In Computed Radiography, the phosphor plate is scanned by what device?
• A partial moon shaped density caused by improper film handling is called what?
• What is the process called when a neutral atom gains or loses an electron?
• Which factor primarily affects the sharpness of detail in a radiographic image?
• What is the photoelectric effect?
• What does longitudinal mean?
• What is the radiosensitive material that receives the remnant beam and forms an image of the body part?
• What occurs when x-rays are absorbed by body tissue?
• What is an ion pair?
• A 12:1 grid is commonly used for which imaging application?
• What is increased by angulation of the body part?
• In thermionic emission, what is the primary source of electrons?
• Which monitor is changed quarterly?
• In which country did Roentgen discover x-rays?
• Crescents on radiographs indicate
• What does mAs control?
• What term describes the broad tolerance for exposure variation in digital receptors?
• What does grid cutoff indicate?
• Which interaction occurs when X-rays collide with inner-shell electrons and are absorbed?
• Which statement means equal in all directions?
• If the kVp is increased, the amount of scatter will
• What happens to electrons after they are boiled off the filament during thermionic emission?
• Average annual dose from background radiation (in rem)?
• What energy level marks the threshold below which characteristic radiation does not occur?
• What is decreased by increased patient motion?
• Which technique chart is used to achieve standardized image contrast?
• What does grid cutoff indicate?
• What artifact occurs roughly every 3.14 inches and is attributed to a dirty or defective roller?
• If SID is increased, which statement about magnification and detail is true?
• What is a misrepresentation of the true shape of an object?
• What is an artifact?
• What is the overall 'blackness' of the image?
• What factor is usually standardized and does not vary from patient to patient?
• What is decreased when increasing the SID?
• Scatter radiation is defined as radiation from the primary beam that is randomly scattered in or outside the body.
• Approximately what happens to most of the energy of electrons when they strike the target?
• What is increased by angulation of the central ray?
• What is increased by an increased OID?
• What is collimation?
• What would you decrease to help minimize patient motion blur?
• Gastrointestinal dose for GI syndrome commonly falls within which range?
• Which practice helps minimize radiation exposure by adjusting the beam to the necessary size?
• What is decreased by increased screen crystal size?
• Which imaging modality uses a plate that yields a direct digital signal to a computer?
• Processor fog appears as which feature on the film?
• Central nervous system syndrome corresponds to which dose range?
• The Pyrex class envelope of the x-ray tube supports what?
• The property of film that allows a large range of exposures to produce useful film density is called what?
• Characteristic radiation is created when an electron knocks which shell out of orbit?
• Pi Lines are spaced every how many inches?
• Grid Radius is defined as
• Filtration reduces patient exposure by removing low-energy photons.
• Which parameter directly affects image density through the combination of mA and exposure time?
• Fluoroscopy is commonly used to visualize which of the following during real-time imaging?
• What is the traditional unit of radiation dose equivalent?
• Which statement best describes a bucky grid?
• Which tube component is responsible for emitting electrons in thermionic emission?
• What includes a tray to hold the image receptor?
• What event leads to X-ray production during thermionic emission?
• Gastrointestinal syndrome results in death from severe damage to which tissue, at what dose range?
• Higher kVp should be used for what type of body parts?
• Who discovered x-rays?
• What prevents scatter radiation from reaching the image receptor (IR)?
• What is mass?
• Exposure latitude in digital radiography refers to what?
• In radiography, what does the abbreviation IR stand for?
• The effective focal spot is smaller than the?
• What is spectral matching?
• What is erythema?
• What is the effect of increasing the focal spot size on image detail?
• 1 Seivert equals how many rem?
• What is the traditional unit of exposure in air?
• Higher speed screens are made of?
• Using digital imaging will result in fewer rejected images due to what?
• Do dark room walls need to be painted black?
• A distorted representation of the object's shape is known as?
• Which term describes materials that do not permit x-rays to pass through easily?
• Which device shapes the x-ray beam to limit exposure to the patient and receptor?
• Which statement is true regarding screen crystal size and image detail?
• Which factor is commonly kept constant across patients in routine practice?
• Which term is used to describe ghost images in radiographs?
• A device that stops x-ray tube movement at a specified location is called the
• The anode heel effect causes greater radiation intensity toward which end of the beam?
• What would you double to get double radiographic intensity?
• Which traditional unit is used to denote operator dose?
• Remnant radiation is?
• As screen speed increases, patient exposure required decreases. Which option best reflects this?
• Annual dose limit for the general public?
• Which technique chart maintains image contrast with fixed kilovolt peak?
• Using 200 mA at 0.25 seconds results in an mAs of what?
• What is the primary consequence of using a larger focal spot size on image appearance?
• Interacting aka Secondary Radiation includes which interactions?
• The focal spot size may affect which aspect of image quality?
• What type of cassette contains film to receive the x-ray beam?
• Which type of radiographic grid moves and has a grid ratio of 12:1 to 16:1?
• What mA value would produce 50 mAs when the exposure time is 0.25 seconds?
• SID is inversely related to which parameters?
• Which cells would exhibit the greatest radiation effects according to Bergonie and Tribondeau?
• Which choice best defines an artifact?
• What has the strong base?
• What is an electron?
• Which imaging parameter primarily controls image density?
• X-rays were discovered on which date?
• Which two types of x-ray production are described?
• Which statement is true about the role of spectral matching?
• Which material is used in some direct digital detectors to convert X-ray energy into an electrical signal?
• The term for clarity in viewing small structures is?
• Does electromagnetic radiation have mass?
• Which of the following is a true function of a radiographic film cassette?
• If the kVp is increased, the image contrast will
• Bergonie and Tribondeau state radiosensitivity is inversely proportional to what cell property?
• Which condition is characterized by a low white blood cell count?
• Information arranged in a series of columns or rows is called?
• Fluoroscopy is?
• What is the focal spot?
• Which grid ratio range is used for grid cassettes in mobile radiography?
• What is a focusing cup?
• Which device handles the movement of film through racks and paths in the processor?
• When using intensifying screens, what percent of the image is actually formed by light?
• Which chemical removes unexposed silver halide crystals from the film?
• Which interaction occurs at energies below 10 kVp?
• Which radiation is randomly scattered in or outside the body?
• Which form of electromagnetic radiation has more energy than visible light?
• What is ionization?
• What is thermionic emission in an X-ray tube?
• Which statement about digital receptors and image rejection rates is true?
• What is the relationship between SID and beam intensity at the image receptor?
• What are the least radiosensitive cells?
• What is radiolucent?
• What is the effect of increasing the focal spot size on image sharpness?
• What refers to the tendency for techs to use higher exposure settings when using digital?
• What is the traditional unit of absorbed dose?
• Which term best describes the ability to do work?
• Which material shields and absorbs a high percentage of radiation?
• Are characteristic X-rays produced below 70 kVp?
• What is the effect on patient dose when using a higher grid ratio?
• Grid cutoff in radiography occurs when?
• What does ALARA stand for?
• Increasing kVp, field size, and part thickness will result in
• What is the primary purpose of using a grid in radiography?
• What converts exposed silver halide crystals into black metallic silver?
• Which chemical bath in the processor is associated with bases?
• Which component maintains the processor chemistry at the appropriate volume?
• What continues to emit light AFTER stimulation?
• In digital radiography, the arrangement of pixels in rows and columns is referred to as what?
• Which cells are among the most radiosensitive?
• Grid Ratio is defined as
• The geometric factors that affect image detail are?
• To decrease penetrating ability, which exposure parameter should be decreased?
• Which term describes a charged particle?
• A special mechanism that stops tube movement at a specific location is?
• Which unit is used to measure absorbed dose in the SI system?
• Which grid is stationary and located inside the table, with a grid ratio of 8:1 to 12:1?
• What occurs when insufficient exposure factors are used in digital imaging resulting in a mottled image appearance?
• Central nervous system syndrome is most likely at which dose range, with death due to increased intracranial pressure, vasculitis, and meningitis?
• What is attenuation?
• The small filament provides greater image detail.
• What does wide latitude refer to?
• Which term describes electromagnetic energy in the form of X-rays?
• Increasing SID will result in?
• In fluoroscopy, contrast agents such as barium sulfate are used to visualize what?
• Remnant radiation is the portion of the primary beam that emerges after passing through matter.
• Which term describes materials that allow x-rays to pass through readily?
• What type of monitor is scanned with a laser?
• What is radioplaque?
• In Computed Radiography, what device reads the phosphor plate after exposure?
• What is the term for a single picture element in a digital image?
• If the kVp is increased, the patient and operator dose will
• SI unit of exposure in air?
• Placing thinner parts under the anode portion of the x-ray beam would result in?
• 99% of the energy of the electrons striking the target is converted into?
• Cumulative dose limit for 50 year old radiation worker?
• Which monitor is sensitive to 1 millirem?
• Which radiation types are present in the x-ray tube?
• The low mAs setting used with high-speed intensifying screens can result in
• Which term describes the brightness difference between areas in an image?
• 1 rem is equal to how many sieverts?
• Which statement about increasing object-to-image distance (OID) is true?
• When applying the 2 kVp per cm rule, you are adjusting
• Increasing which factor results in smaller pixel size and improved spatial resolution?
• Which of the following statements about SID is true?
• Which system is primarily responsible for delivering fresh chemicals to the processor at the correct rate?
• Which statement about Automatic Exposure Control (AEC) is true?
• What is the image called on film after processing?
• X-ray is a form of which energy?
• Dose in RAD multiplied by a quality factor gives the dose in what unit?
• Higher speed screens are made of thicker phosphor layer and larger crystal size. Which option best describes this design?
• Ionization can result in what type of damage?
• The focal spot is defined as the area of the target where electrons interact.
• What is the effect of increased collimation on patient dose, operator dose, and scatter protection?
• What is the SI unit for dose equivalent?
• Which statement is true about the public vs occupational dose limits?
• An electronic plate receives the x-ray beam and produces an electronic signal that is sent directly to a computer for processing and digital image formation. This describes which system?
• Which system uses a reader that scans the phosphor plate with a laser light?
• How many rad are in one Gray?
• What is contrast?
• Which term describes the unavoidable edge blur caused by geometric factors such as focal spot and geometry?
• What is the traditional unit used to denote operator dose?
• During thermionic emission, from which component do the electrons originate?
• Which statement about Automatic Exposure Control (AEC) is true?
• Which imaging factor primarily controls radiographic density?
• If the kVp is increased, the amount of image density will
• Which of the following is a long-term somatic effect of radiation exposure?
• Increased collimation has what effect on image contrast?
• Which term describes hair loss due to radiation exposure?
• Grid Ratio affects the amount of lead in the grid relative to the
• What does kVp control?
• If a worker receives 5000+ rads, which syndrome is most likely?
• Initial or Primary Radiation comprises which types?
• Which description defines thermionic emission?
• The effective focal spot is smaller than the actual focal spot.
• Hematologic syndrome is characterized by death due to infection and hemorrhage at a whole-body radiation dose within which range?
• What is epilation?
• What is the cathode?
• Which statement correctly pairs the traditional and SI units for absorbed dose and dose equivalent, respectively?
• The quantity of the x-ray beam is directly proportional to which exposure factor?
• What type of x-ray would the electron strike the target interacting with target atom nucleus, slows down, losing kinetic energy that is converted into an x-ray?
• Grid Frequency determines how many lead strips exist per
• Which statement correctly pairs the quantity with its unit?
• What is image clarity of the ability to visualize small structures?
• What is energy?
• What does the collimator do?
• An increased OID will result in?
• Which quantity is measured in Gray?
• What is the effect of increasing the grid ratio?
• Which statement correctly matches kVp settings with body parts: trunk versus lungs?
• The anode heel effect is significant when using the entire beam (14x17 in at 40 or 72 in).
• What is decreased by using a larger focal spot size?
• Which statement best describes initial vs secondary radiation?
• What material absorbs a high percentage of radiation?
• What is a neutron?
• Bremsstrahlung radiation is produced when an electron enters the tungsten anode and slows near the nucleus. This energy loss creates what?
• Which interaction causes scattering when X-rays strike outer-shell electrons, typically in the 40-125 kVp range?
• Grid Frequency is defined as
• For general-purpose chest imaging, which grid ratio is commonly used?
• Which test is used to monitor screen-film contact quality?
• Total equivalent dose for the embryo/fetus during gestation?
• An increase in kVp generally leads to
• Which statement accurately describes the cathode in an x-ray tube?
• Using a higher screen speed and decreased mAs will result in what?
• Pairing a green-emitting screen phosphor with a film sensitive to green light is called?
• Increasing which parameter by 15% would double image density?
• Higher kVp would do what to the penetration?
• According to the Law of Bergonie and Tribondeau, radiosensitivity is directly proportional to which cellular characteristic?
• Which statement accurately describes the anode in an x-ray tube?
• According to Bergonie and Tribondeau, radiosensitivity is inversely proportional to which cellular characteristic?
• What is anemia?
• During Compton scatter, what occurs?
• Which component is used to dry processed films?
• What is a latent image?
• During exposure, which component rotates?
• Vertical movement is defined as moving the x-ray tube from 30 to 40 inches above the film. Which option correctly describes this movement?
• Short-term somatic effects are exemplified by which finding?
• What is the purpose of the film cassette?
• Which digital imaging technology uses amorphous selenium or silicon to convert x-ray energy to an electrical charge?
• Which monitor is changed quarterly?
• Which technique chart is used when applying the rule of adding 2 kVp per centimeter of part thickness?
• What does filtration do?
• What maintains the processor chemistry at proper strength?
• Grid Radius helps determine the SID at which
• Attenuation refers to which process in the x-ray beam as it passes through the patient's body?
• Digital receptors provide a wide range of exposure latitude when compared to which imaging systems?
• Which effect is considered most harmful?
• Which attribute best demonstrates the anatomy of interest?
• Coherent scattering occurs at low energy levels. Which statement is correct?
• What does isotropic mean?
• What is the primary factor to control image contrast?
• Which statement applies to Bremmstrahlung as described in the material?
• As screen speed increases, the number of x-rays needed to produce density will?
• The purpose of intensifying screens is to reduce the amount of?
• Long-term somatic effects include which of the following?
• What emits light only when stimulated?
• Which term refers to an electron and a positively charged atom?
• Which technique allows the image to show soft tissue or bone separation in a digital system?
• What device receives the energy of the x-ray beam and forms the image of the body part?
• Which statement best reflects Bergonie and Tribondeau’s law?
• What has the strong acid?
• Which part includes deep racks and crossover assemblies?
• The inherent blurriness at the edges of an object is?
• What eliminates the need for a true 'wet reading'?
• kVp primarily affects which aspect of radiographic imaging?
• Which statement aligns with Bergonie and Tribondeau’s law regarding cells with the longest mitotic phases?
• What temperature should the developer be maintained at for optimal development?
• Which term describes radiology that uses high kilovolt peak voltages?